balance in the middle :
when I unplug the left speaker and slide the fader up :
only a high-pitched noise but not too loud (with the music on, I can't hear it)
when I unplug the right speaker and slide the fader up : the volume increases gradually until saturation
To be clear, your unplugging the input source (such as rca output of a cd player) and keeping both speakers connected, right?
Sounds like problem is definitely on the left channel, its just that with left source disconnected, you only hear the hiss instead of overly loud.
I think there's actually nothing wrong with the circuitry steering frequencies through transistors, and that you probably have runaway gain in the opamp when low frequencies are added. Perhaps a bad cap in the vicinity of the op amp.
What's baffling me is Jf01 and Jf02 which I thought was L and R inputs. But Jf01 is actually ground back at the P400 board.
I think you might have to either pony up some money for a decent capacitance meter for testing them properly, or just replace all the caps in the vicinity.
What helps me when I'm struggling on something like that is to just take a break from it for a while. Sometimes a fresh prospective is what's needed.