I am moving into a home which was built in the late 1800s where
brownouts are common and no grounds are available on the outlets. I
will not have the option of rewiring the home.
The effective surge protectors work regardless of whether
receptacles have ground. The only relevant ground is a short (ie
'less than 10 foot') ground from protector to earth. Rewiring
interior circuits was never required for surge protection. But that
breaker box earth ground (and earthing for all other incoming
utilities) must be upgraded to post 1990 NEC requirements. In many
cases, that means 'less than 10 feet' of bare 6 AWG copper wire, the
10 foot earth ground rod, and a 'whole house' protector.
Effective protectors work by earthing surges. That wall receptacle
wire is woefully too long, has sharp bends, had splices, is bundled
with other wires, etc. Each point conspires to make it only a safety
ground (equipment ground) and not earth ground.
A properly earthed 'whole house' protector is also the only solution
to protecting GFCIs. Just another in a long list of electronics that
requires a properly earthed 'whole house' protector.
A surge protector works by dissipating surge energy in earth.
However, if a tiny 100 amp surge is grounded by a power strip
protector, then the 50 feet of grounded romex means the protector is
at something less than 12,000 volts. Why such high voltage between
protector and earth? Wire is too long, too many sharp bends, etc.
Install three wire plugs and still have no earth ground? Yes. This
is why only responsible companies sell 'whole house' protectors - ie
Keison, Square D, Cutler-Hammer, Intermatic, Leviton, Siemens, GE,
etc. No protector provides protection. Protection is provided by
earthing. That means wire length must be short, earthing wire must be
separated from all other wires, etc.
How to install that breaker box earth ground. If the 6 AWG goes up
over the foundation and down to the earth rod, then protection has
been compromised. Again, too long, sharp bends, etc. That earthing
wire best goes through foundation and down to the ground rod.
Distance to earth is that critical.
A 'whole house' protector must dissipated lightning energy in earth
- and remain functional. Yes, the effective protector must earth
direct lightning strikes without damage. Then that surge need not
find earth, destructively, via household appliances - two wire or
three.
No protector will stop or absorb what three miles of sky could not.
And yet that is what some plug-in protector promoters are claiming.
All appliances contain protection. Protection that is not overwhelms
if the connection from each incoming utility wire (inside every cable)
to earth is 'less than 10 feet'. Even the 'whole house' protector
provided by your telco (for free) must be earthing short to this new
earth rod. Even the cable TV must connect to this ground rod (no
protector required to earth cable TV).
Warranty. It is so full of exemptions that nobody gets it honored.
For example, one of many exceptions states that a protector in the
building from any other manufacturer void the warranty. Read the fine
print. With so many exemptions, your claim will only replace the
protector.
As a renter, your best bet is to buy the 'whole house' protector.
Have the landlord install it and upgrade the earthing. Surge
protection is always about dissipating surge energy into earth.
Nothing will stop or absorb what three miles of sky cannot even stop.
Brownouts have zero relation to surge. Grounding is irrelevant to
brownouts. Brownouts are a low voltage where the appliance must keep
working or simply turn off. Surge protection (why that short earth
connection is critical) is about high voltage and high frequencies.
Brownouts are completely ignored by surge protection.
How common are surges? Maybe once every seven years. If the
building has better earthing, if the protection at the service
entrance is properly installed, and if distance between that service
entrance and computer is long; then even better protection exists.
Critical to effective protection on two wire or three wire circuits is
protection connected within feet to earth AND separation between
protector and electronics.