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Micropower charge pump for 3-6v @ 20uA

J

John Larkin

Well, yes, but for that pumping to happen the PIC must be operational
and well past its POR/BOR boot process.

I've said, three or four times now, that the cap voltage gets boosted
at turnon, all by itself, because that's the way Ls and Cs behave.
Given a reasonable C value, there should be plenty of energy available
for the pic to start up, and begin pulsing the npn, before the voltage
on the C discharges too much.


+1.5V----switch-------1mH-----|>|-----+--------->
diode |
|
|
1uF
|
|
|
|
gnd

Simulate it!

John
 
J

Joerg

John said:
I've said, three or four times now, that the cap voltage gets boosted
at turnon, all by itself, because that's the way Ls and Cs behave.
Given a reasonable C value, there should be plenty of energy available
for the pic to start up, and begin pulsing the npn, before the voltage
on the C discharges too much.


+1.5V----switch-------1mH-----|>|-----+--------->
diode |
|
|
1uF
|
|
|
|
gnd

Simulate it!

Ok, ok, I did understand. Works like the kick starter on older Harleys.
Either the engine jumps to life, or it doesn't, or it lets off a loud
bang and clears the exhaust, or you fly over the handle bar and the
ankle hurts like heck.

Here's hoping that it's enough time to start everything. 1uF ain't a
lotta microfarads ;-)
 
M

Martin Brown

Tricky bit is getting the PIC to start from 1.2-1.5v in the first
place.
I wasn't sure that this would work since it looks suspiciously like a
perpetual motion machine. I think it has to transfer energy from the
battery into the series capacitor if it is to be sustainable.
But, as Jim would put it, how does it start?

I did wonder about the idea of making the on-off switch a dpdt with a
low leakage capacitor across the battery when the unit is switched
off, and in series when switched on. And then a boost converter to
keep it topped up during use. The PIC will start at >2v and keep
running once started a little lower than that.

There are clock outputs at 32kHZ(unbuffered), and buffered 8192Hz and
~50Hz available

I think I like the Joergs idea of the 74AUP1G14 low power Schmidt
trigger inverter best. Cheap and probably cheerful. There is something
appealing about getting low current stuff to run off a single 1.5v
cell efficiently.

The challenge here is to do it cheap, compact, with easily available
bits and a low parts count in a form that will work reliably for a
home constructor. There are quite a few hobby PIC circuits that would
benefit from a single 1.5v battery.

Regards,
Martin Brown
 
M

Martin Brown

John Larkin wrote:



Ok, ok, I did understand. Works like the kick starter on older Harleys.
Either the engine jumps to life, or it doesn't, or it lets off a loud
bang and clears the exhaust, or you fly over the handle bar and the
ankle hurts like heck.

This solution has an admirable minimalism and might be a winner too.
OTOH it might suffer from occassionally killing rather than curing.
Worth playing around with though and smaller than the more easily
explained dpdt switch and series/parallel capacitor.
Here's hoping that it's enough time to start everything. 1uF ain't a
lotta microfarads ;-)

OTOH at 10-20uA off 3v it is a load equivalent to 200k so with 1uF
gives a tau ~200mS.
I'd expect a PIC to be fully operational driving outputs well before
then - even on slow minimal energy 32kHz clock.

Regards,
Martin Brown
 
F

Frank Buss

Martin said:
The challenge here is to do it cheap, compact, with easily available
bits and a low parts count in a form that will work reliably for a
home constructor. There are quite a few hobby PIC circuits that would
benefit from a single 1.5v battery.

What's wrong with the MAX1724? It is not cheap, but has all other
attributes you listed and starts from as low as 0.91V
 
C

Clifford Heath

Frank said:
What's wrong with the MAX1724? It is not cheap, but has all other
attributes you listed and starts from as low as 0.91V

There is an MOQ on the MAX1724, like one reel (5000), but
the Iq of 1.5uA is unbeatable.

I used the MAX1675 instead. Read the data sheet carefully.
The Iq for the MAX1675 is ~20uA, but is referenced to the
output voltage (the chip is bootstrapped), and at low input
voltages much more input current is needed to supply that.
It surprised me until I read the doc closely. At 1.4Vin, the
efficiency drops to ~70% (dep on the inductor) which draws
66uA just to supply the regulator.

Clifford Heath.
 
The challenge here is to do it cheap, compact, with easily available
bits and a low parts count in a form that will work reliably for a
home constructor. There are quite a few hobby PIC circuits that would
benefit from a single 1.5v battery.

For 20uA applications using a 3V lithium will be cheaper, simplier,
more reliable and more compact, I think you are creating a problem
which doesn't exist. Charge pumps are more useful for 1.5v batteries
(AA,C,D size) when you need more current that a small lithium can't
supply, but you don't have that problem. 3V lithiums are only $1 in
small quantities (we pay less then 10 cents for them in large
quantities)
 
J

Joerg

Martin said:
This solution has an admirable minimalism and might be a winner too.
OTOH it might suffer from occassionally killing rather than curing.
Worth playing around with though and smaller than the more easily
explained dpdt switch and series/parallel capacitor.

OTOH at 10-20uA off 3v it is a load equivalent to 200k so with 1uF
gives a tau ~200mS.
I'd expect a PIC to be fully operational driving outputs well before
then - even on slow minimal energy 32kHz clock.

Yeah, it might be, I do not know PICs well. There are some uC type chips
(such as PSoC) that seem to have to rattle off lines of embedded code
for their POR/BOR function and draw considerably more than 20uA for a
while. IOW they have a firmware-implemented POR/BOR.

Also, you'd be relying on the integrity of the switch, that it comes on
in one swift click. If grampa turns it on with trembling hands that
might not be the case. Same if the battery rattled after which the unit
may not start up again unless you power cycle (could be ok though). It's
an interesting method but I wouldn't do it.
 
J

Joerg

Frank said:
What's wrong with the MAX1724? It is not cheap, but has all other
attributes you listed and starts from as low as 0.91V

For the life of me I would not spec in a single-sourced part from that
source. Or as Clint Eastwood would put it: Only over my dead body.
 
J

Joerg

Martin said:
Tricky bit is getting the PIC to start from 1.2-1.5v in the first
place.

I wasn't sure that this would work since it looks suspiciously like a
perpetual motion machine. I think it has to transfer energy from the
battery into the series capacitor if it is to be sustainable.


I did wonder about the idea of making the on-off switch a dpdt with a
low leakage capacitor across the battery when the unit is switched
off, and in series when switched on. And then a boost converter to
keep it topped up during use. The PIC will start at >2v and keep
running once started a little lower than that.

There are clock outputs at 32kHZ(unbuffered), and buffered 8192Hz and
~50Hz available

I think I like the Joergs idea of the 74AUP1G14 low power Schmidt
trigger inverter best. Cheap and probably cheerful. There is something
appealing about getting low current stuff to run off a single 1.5v
cell efficiently.

The challenge here is to do it cheap, compact, with easily available
bits and a low parts count in a form that will work reliably for a
home constructor. There are quite a few hobby PIC circuits that would
benefit from a single 1.5v battery.

I was surprised how cheap the 74AUP1G14 has become but if $0.10 is still
too much you can try with a JFET. However, then you'll need a tapped
inductor or some cheap transformer from which to wire up one. Problem
is, JFETs are rather pricey as well these days. Well, maybe not for you
guys in the UK right now ...

If you don't require this to work on a totally worn cell you might even
get away with a BJT plus tapped inductor.
 
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