that is a wonderful idea, not entirely sure where to get this "head-unit" you spoke of and as for the box, it's only going to be a small box, and the reason i was going to use USB, was because i could power the unit through my PS3
The Head-unit I'm referring to is the dash-mounted car stereo. You can get them from wrecks in a wrecker, buy used online, or buy new at a retail outlet.
The only requirement is that is has Auxiliary input, which must be a 3.5mm jack, or the Left/Right RCA jacks.
The sizes are typically 'DIN' which is a 7" x 2" cutout.
The computer power supply would be housed in the same box, and depending on the speakers you are using, the box would probably end up being in the ball-park of 2ft wide, 8" tall, and 8" deep. You could make it bigger if you want.