Maker Pro
Maker Pro

Extending the range of an electric bike...

Thanks everyone for the replies.

Having 2 batteries looks like the way to go.

btw, I found a switch that lets the throttle take over
& I averaged 9-10mph with little effort for 35 miles today
(9-10mph because it's only got 1 gear and anything after 10mph..I
can't cycle quick enough!)

Dave
 
M

MassiveProng

I think that is a bit optimistic. The problem is with "average". You
have to include a lot of the very unfit, the sick and the elderly if
you say "average".
In that case, the figure would be more pessimistic.

In other words, likely to be higher for a "fit person".
 
R

Robert Adsett

This would be part of the losses of the total system, as would the
losses in the motor. All together it is a rather poor efficiency.

No question. My point is that improving the efficiency of the rest of
the system (motor controller/drive, gearing, rolling resistance) may
have relatively minor effects when you push the battery that hard. The
effiency of the rest of the system is probably a great deal higher than
that simple calculation suggests, since it assumes a perfect battery.

A newer battery might help but this draw is in the range where I would
expect to lose 1/2 to 2/3 of the capacity of the battery, partly
depending on how low a terminal voltage the application can accept with
reasonable performance.

Note, it's possible that the control system relies on the batteries
internal resistance to be part of the current limit. That would make
using a larger battery a bad idea. Although a larger battery is likely
to give a non-linear increase in run-time.

Robert
 
M

MooseFET

No question. My point is that improving the efficiency of the rest of
the system (motor controller/drive, gearing, rolling resistance) may
have relatively minor effects when you push the battery that hard.

But on the other foot: If you improve the rest of the stuff and stay
at 17MPH, you won't be pushing the battery quite so hard.
The
effiency of the rest of the system is probably a great deal higher than
that simple calculation suggests, since it assumes a perfect battery.

Plead guilty to lumping all the losses together in one pile.
A newer battery might help but this draw is in the range where I would
expect to lose 1/2 to 2/3 of the capacity of the battery, partly
depending on how low a terminal voltage the application can accept with
reasonable performance.

A different chemistry battery may also help. If there is a good PWM
system in use, a "supoer cap" may also help.

Note, it's possible that the control system relies on the batteries
internal resistance to be part of the current limit. That would make
using a larger battery a bad idea. Although a larger battery is likely
to give a non-linear increase in run-time.

Unless the lower resistance causes flames to come out of the motor.
 
E

ehsjr

Tim said:
Nope, it all factors out. It's just a comparison.

Nope. Unsupported assumptions.
1) That all of the energy was extracted from the battery
2) That the rate of discharge when running the bike is the
same as the rate of discharge at which the battery was rated.
3) That the range was limited to 12 miles.
4) That the battery was fully charged and in brand new condition.

_Serious_ flaws for a design group.
Do you honestly know of any bicyclist who can put out 0.8HP for 42 minutes?

I made no statements about the hp developed by a cyclist. But let
me throw some "phoney math", based on facts, at you.
The Gossamer Albatross requires .3 hp to fly in still air. It
was driven across the channel (22.2) miles in 2 hours and 49 minutes.
To determine how much hp the cyclist could have generated for
42 minutes: 189/42*.3 = 1.35
: end phoney math :
The typical human can do about 1/4HP as I recall, making that figure a good
basis for the power consumed at 17MPH. Depending on bearing quality/tire
pressure, wind resistance, "uphill both ways", etc., of course.

We have no idea what speed 1/4 hp will produce.
On a mountain bike in high gear on a level road,
you go like a bat out of hell with very little
hp input, as compared to climbing a steep hill in
low gear where you are barely moving but providing
maximum hp input.

And we are cluless about the course conditions for his bike,
as you allude to.


Presumably, the energy expended was 432Wh, since the OP implied that 12
miles is the maximum range on the given batteries.

Assumption, see above. The op stated "it does 12 miles at 17 mph
quite comfortably with no input from the rider."
It's all just math and makes sense when looked at.

Only if you allow the assumptions. It's a huge leap
from the "there is this much hp in a battery" math
to the "therefore we used that much hp". As pointed
out, we have no clue how much power was initially
available nor how much was used.

And even if you accept some assumptions, the conclusion
that "there are huge losses somewhere in the system" could
just as easily be "your battery is very weak" or some such.

Ed
 
M

MooseFET

Nope. Unsupported assumptions.
1) That all of the energy was extracted from the battery

The user said that this was the "range". Any energy not going to make
the range is a loss of some form or other.
2) That the rate of discharge when running the bike is the
same as the rate of discharge at which the battery was rated.

If you are doing so, you are incurring a loss.
3) That the range was limited to 12 miles.

This is what the OP said. Are you suggesting he lied?

4) That the battery was fully charged and in brand new condition.

The OP said that it was the range and spoke of a charger.

_Serious_ flaws for a design group.

No you just have taken too narrow of a view of what is called a loss.
We have no idea what speed 1/4 hp will produce.

Once again "paleface" comment pops to mind.
On a mountain bike in high gear on a level road,
you go like a bat out of hell with very little
hp input,

Define very little. Have you ever measured? or even estimated it?
 
T

Tim Williams

ehsjr said:
1) That all of the energy was extracted from the battery
2) That the rate of discharge when running the bike is the
same as the rate of discharge at which the battery was rated.
3) That the range was limited to 12 miles.
4) That the battery was fully charged and in brand new condition.

These all come from the OP's post, which was, as you have shown above, vague
and technically lacking.
_Serious_ flaws for a design group.

Indeed. We should railroad that dave_mallon123 guy!
But let
me throw some "phoney math", based on facts, at you.
The Gossamer Albatross requires .3 hp to fly in still air. It
was driven across the channel (22.2) miles in 2 hours and 49 minutes.
To determine how much hp the cyclist could have generated for
42 minutes: 189/42*.3 = 1.35
: end phoney math :

That assumes constant energy, which is not at all likely for a human (at
least on the hourly scale). I know better than to make such a baseless
assumption.
Only if you allow the assumptions. It's a huge leap
from the "there is this much hp in a battery" math
to the "therefore we used that much hp".

No, it was implied by the poster. 12 miles [range], 17MPH, 36V "12A"
battery. If 12Ah is assumed to be meant, then a quantity of energy is well
defined, as is the time it was spent over.

Speaking of whom, he hasn't come back. We can only assume some more that
this is a useless argument anyway-- that is, we'll never get the information
needed to complete the problem at hand.

Tim
 
R

Rich Grise

Yeah, they say you should only parallel identical batteries of the
same amp hours/brand/batch/age (new, in other words).

I owned a diesel Suburban with two batteries hard-wired in parallel.
Must have been many thousands of those vehicles on the road, and I
imagine a lot people ended up putting dissimilar batteries together,
so I guess it's not a huge danger.

I know I would want to make sure at least that both batteries are in
good condition, similar amp hour ratings and well charged before
making the connection.

Um, to wire three x 12V batteries for 36V, you put them in series.

And people put 12V batteries in parallel every day - ever jump-started
a car?

If each of the batteries in the series string is at the same state of
charge _Before_ you install them, (and they're the same make, model, and
batch), there should be no problem - the six cells of a 12V battery are
all in series, after all.

Cheers!
Rich
 
R

Rich Grise

You must know some things no one else knows. :)
Like: the weight of the rider & the bike, rolling resistance,
the slopes encountered in the 17 miles, headwinds and tail winds,
the state of charge at the end of 17 miles, how much energy
was extracted from the battery etc.

In other words, we have no idea of the work done
nor the energy expended.

No matter which way you point your bike, it's uphill and against the wind. ;-)

Cheers!
Rich
 
R

Rich Grise

Nope, it all factors out. It's just a comparison.

Do you honestly know of any bicyclist who can put out 0.8HP for 42 minutes?
The typical human can do about 1/4HP as I recall, making that figure a good
basis for the power consumed at 17MPH. Depending on bearing quality/tire
pressure, wind resistance, "uphill both ways", etc., of course.

When I was in high school, the physics class did an experiment: we took
volunteers - three or four strapping youths, and one at a time, had them
run up three flights of stairs as fast as they could get up - leap, swing
on the handrail, whatever it takes - and most of the guys were able to
put out a horsepower for a few seconds. It's a fairly simple equation -
A 160-lb boy that climbs 30' of stairs in X seconds is a certain amount
of horsepower - I think I did about .7, but I'm a wimp. :)

Cheers!
Rich
 
R

Rich Grise

I think that is a bit optimistic. The problem is with "average". You
have to include a lot of the very unfit, the sick and the elderly if
you say "average".

The average person has slightly less than one breast and slightly less
than one testicle. ;-)

Cheers!
Rich
 
Hi,

In the last few days,
I've bought a 22 inch electric bike 2nd hand for £120.

It's been pretty impressive so far imho.

Problem is,
as people probably already know, is the battery...

At the moment,
it does 12 miles at 17 mph quite comfortably with no input from the
rider.
(36v 12 amp lead acid battery)

Just curious to what you think of this idea of extending the range.

A leisure battery from a scrap yard 12v 110 amp - £30
A fast charger 22amp from Argos - £40
A 12v to 36 dc to dc convertor - £70
A current limiting diode.

ie 12v at 110amps,
probably equals 36 volt at 30amp = 2 times as far = 25 miles,
(taking into account the extra weight and the loss of electric
convertion)

but I reckon it should be good for an approx range of 30 miles of
effortless riding.

Any comments? Ideas?

Thanks,
Dave

Thanks everyone for the replies.

Having 2 * 36v 10Ah batteries looks like the way to go.

....btw, I found a switch that lets the throttle take over
& I averaged 9-10mph with little effort for 35 miles today
(9-10mph because it's only got 1 gear and anything after 10mph..I
can't cycle quick enough!)

Cheers for all the discussions
Dave
 
R

Robert Adsett

But on the other foot: If you improve the rest of the stuff and stay
at 17MPH, you won't be pushing the battery quite so hard.

Well at a 50% capacity drop the 432 Wh figure drops to 216Wh. At the
2/3 drop, which would not surprise me given the use it drops, to 144Wh.

You are quite possibly losing enough capacity from driving the battery
this hard that other efficiency gains are irrelevant.
Plead guilty to lumping all the losses together in one pile.


A different chemistry battery may also help. If there is a good PWM
system in use, a "supoer cap" may also help.

Yep, although a properly sized battery would be better. The weight
advantage of a differnt chemistry night make it worth the extra cost.
We're starting to get into the range where you are talking about
replacing the drive and charger though.

A battery being discharged in under an hour is definitely undersized for
the job. Of course it does keep it lighter and cheaper and increases
the market for aftermerket replacement batteries ;)
Unless the lower resistance causes flames to come out of the motor.

yep, A lot will depend on who designed it and with what criteria. If
the controller came from the EV industry it likely will be just fine.
If it came from the consumer electronics industry though they may well
have considered the battery a fixed component that wouldn't possibly be
upgraded.

The conservative method is to use swappable batteries. Slightly riskier
would be to use a larger battery pack.

Robert
 
M

MassiveProng

No matter which way you point your bike, it's uphill and against the wind. ;-)

No, it isn't, idiot. It IS "against the wind" and that is ALL it is,
dumbfuck. There is no uphill about it.
 
S

Spehro Pefhany

The average person has slightly less than one breast and slightly less
than one testicle. ;-)

Cheers!
Rich

< 2 legs, on average.



Best regards,
Spehro Pefhany
 
E

ehsjr

Tim said:
These all come from the OP's post, which was, as you have shown above, vague
and technically lacking.

Nope. They came from Moosefet.
Indeed. We should railroad that dave_mallon123 guy!




That assumes constant energy, which is not at all likely for a human (at
least on the hourly scale). I know better than to make such a baseless
assumption.

Exactly. It's flawed, that's why I called it phoney.
Just as assuming constant energy from the battery is
flawed.
Only if you allow the assumptions. It's a huge leap
from the "there is this much hp in a battery" math
to the "therefore we used that much hp".


No, it was implied by the poster. 12 miles [range], 17MPH, 36V "12A"
battery. If 12Ah is assumed to be meant, then a quantity of energy is well
defined, as is the time it was spent over.

Design by implication? :) Your second statement above
is wrong. The rate of discharge is unknown. The 12 AH
spec is at a specific rate. If you discharge it harder,
the total AH you can get out of it is less than 12 AH;
discharge it slower, and you get a higher total AH.
On top of that, we have no idea of the condition of that
battery. The quantity of energy is not defined at all,
let alone well defined.
Speaking of whom, he hasn't come back. We can only assume some more that
this is a useless argument anyway-- that is, we'll never get the information
needed to complete the problem at hand.

He did come back yesterday - you must have missed it.

Ed
 
E

ehsjr

MooseFET said:
The user said that this was the "range".

No, he did not. He said he did 12 miles at 17 mph
comfortably. He did not say 12 miles is the range.
And why do you think that range = total energy in
the battery? I've got a couple of 12V lead acid
car batteries that won't crank over the car starter,
but happily run a headlamp for over an hour at ~6.5
amps. We don't know th state of charge of his
battery so it is impossible to know that all of
the enery was extracted.


Any energy not going to make
the range is a loss of some form or other.

Completely ambiguous, and it is not a closed
system. For example, energy expended to fight a
headwind is energy going to make the range, so
it doesn't fit into "energy not going to make
the range". It is not energy expended in a
non-productive way, but it is a drain on the
total energy. So it is ambiguous as to whether
you call that a loss or not, but the net effect
is that more energy is required.
If you are doing so, you are incurring a loss.

If you are doing what?
This is what the OP said. Are you suggesting he lied?

No. He said:
"At the moment, it does 12 miles at 17 mph quite comfortably
with no input from the rider."

He did not say "the range was *limited* to 12 miles."
You assumed "limited".

The OP said that it was the range and spoke of a charger.

He did *not* say it was the range.
And what does the part about he "spoke of a charger"
have to do with it? Go read the post. He said:
"Just curious to what you think of this idea of extending the range.

A leisure battery from a scrap yard 12v 110 amp - £30
A fast charger 22amp from Argos - £40
A 12v to 36 dc to dc convertor - £70
A current limiting diode."

No you just have taken too narrow of a view of what is called a loss.

That may be true. But it does not change my
objection to the assumptions that the battery
was fully capable of meeting its 12AH rating;
that the discharge rate matched the 12 AH spec;
that the full 12 AH was extracted from the battery.
Now if all of that is lumped under "loss", then the
statement that there are huge losses in the system
is true. But it is meaningless under that wide of
a meaning of "loss". For example, suppose the 12AH
battery is old and weak, and the best it can do is
6 AH. "Your battery may be weak" is a whole lot more
helpful than "there are huge losses in the system".

Aside from that, the glaring error is performing
the calculations against 12AH when you don't know
the rate of discharge and the battery's capacity
at that rate. You do know, don't you, that batteries
discharged at a rate above their specified AH will
provide lower total AH at the higher rate?
Once again "paleface" comment pops to mind.

So provide figures. Your comment is just a smokescreen.
Define very little. Have you ever measured? or even estimated it?

You must have never ridden a bike to take exception to the
statement. I've ridden it, and measured speed. But measuring
is just another smokescreen. The difference in speed and effort
is so big that no metrology is required to know it.

But set that aside - look at world class cyclists in a race.
When they are climbing mountains, they go at a snail's
pace as compared to ridng on level roads and have to expend
a lot more energy and develop a lot more power climbing.
Watch the Tour du France - the commentators will mention
speed and effort. In the Gossamer Albatross, hp was measured,
and considerably more was required in turbulent air vs still air.

Ed
 
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