No, I'm not Greek. Learned some Greek for my vacations in Crete

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1) The speaker bypassed by the capacitor is for the midtones mainly as high frequencies will be shunted by the capacitor. The speaker without capacitor in parallel is for the full range. Full range here means the range that is fed to the speakers behind the crossover on the amplifier PCB, therefore midtones and high tones only. As to the frequency: There will not be a sharp cutoff at any frequency, but a gradual decline. Usually one defines the cutoff frequency of a filter where the amplitude falls by 3 dB, but the curve (amplitude vs. frequency) is smooth, not a sharp edge.
2) Still insufficient information. Usually the amplifier may be designe to drive 8 Ω speakers, but the amplifier's output impedance is much lower to allow good damping of the speakers. The speakers themselves cannot be characterized by the impedance alone. The impedance varies with frequency as does the efficiency for converting the electrical signal to an acoustic signal. Speakers are commonly characterized by so called
Thiele/Small parameters and there's a bunch of theory and math behind these and their correct use to build speakers.
Probably not only a low pass for the bass but also a high pass for the midtones and highs. These filters are "frequency dividers". They divide the full spectrum into a low range and a mid/high range to operate each type of speaker in the best suited range.
Read here.