Low cost, high performance...... Usually that falls somewhere in between "very hard to find" and "does not exist"
If you need the performance (as opposed to just wanting it), it is cheaper to spend the money and buy the right part. If you hack something together by gearing up a low resolution encoder or buying something cheap with made up specs (there are lots of those for everything), you will likely end up spending a lot more in time and eventual $$$ outlay.
One strategy that MIGHT work is to identify a device that uses an encoder you want and try and buy a failed unit for parts only, possibly from eBay and hope the encoder is there and working.
Good luck.
---55p