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Engineering Mathematics

J

Jonathan Kirwan

I'm not imagining it. I have Mathcad 11.2 on a Win 98SE machine.
Obviously, speed depends on what you are doing.

I imagine it is more dependent on the mother board, than the O/S. I have some
very fast mother boards running win98se.

Jon
 
A

Active8

I have to disagree with the overall concept here. I agree, it is true
that one needs to understand in reasonable detail what the maths is.
However, today it is simply not possible to understand *exactly* the
implications of the equations from pen and paper. In general, equations
are too intractable to deal with in the sense that you are alluding to
here. For example, consider nuclear bomb simulations, or black hole
collision simulations. The equations are way too complex to understand
in detail. Its *only* by doing the simulations that one can actually
develop a feel for how the equations operate. Your view is the "nice
idea if in an ideal world", but it isn't. The world simply can't be
analysed using only pen and paper. There isn't even a finite closed form
solution to algebraic equations of degree greater than 4.

I thought Gauss proved that there was no closed form eq to factor
anything higher than 3rd degree.
 
A

Active8

On Sun, 22 Aug 2004 09:12:49 -0400, Active8 wrote:
I thought Gauss proved that there was no closed form eq to factor
anything higher than 3rd degree.

Solly. Retraction:

The mathematician Evariste Galois (1811-1832) has proved that there
will never be a general formula to solve polynomials of degree 5 and
higher.

So I guess you're still wrong on that point.
 
R

Reg Edwards

The mathematician Evariste Galois (1811-1832) has proved that there
will never be a general formula to solve polynomials of degree 5 and
higher.
==================================

For "General", "Explicit " is perhaps more appropriate.

But equations of 5th degree or greater are easily solved to any required
degree of accuracy by computerised, number-crunching, or Monte-Carlo
methods. Or the methods of closer and closer approximations which pure
mathematicians may, in their weaker moments, consider to be 'cheating'.

But my earlier remarks that a program user ought to know exactly what a
program is really doing still apply. Otherwise it is possible for him,
unknowingly till too late, to make a catastrophic error.

To compute a 910K resistor when it ought to be 22 ohms may not constitute a
disaster. But to send a space rocket on a journey of 500 Km when it ought to
be a trip to Mars will cost taxpayers the Earth.

It is vital the program user should know how the program works and that at
the very least he should be aware he's in the right ballpark.

The moral is - don't place your faith in, or worship computer programs.
Especially maths programs. They all have their unstated limitations. Sooner
or later you will drop a colossal clanger.

Don't blame the program or the programmer. Blame youself.

Just a program writer, Old Reg.
 
J

John Woodgate

I read in sci.electronics.design that Reg Edwards
The moral is - don't place your faith in, or worship computer programs.
Especially maths programs. They all have their unstated limitations.
Sooner or later you will drop a colossal clanger.

I agree. I've found a bug in Mathcad, which is confirmed. I may have
found another.
Don't blame the program or the programmer. Blame youself.

Well, the program is faulty. But it's simply not possible to test
EVERYTHING in a math app., and quite a number of other things, too. I
heard of a case where the software in a measuring instrument went
bananas with just one particular format of input signal.
 
A

Active8

On Sun, 22 Aug 2004 17:18:07 +0000 (UTC), Reg Edwards wrote:

<snip>
Never did disagree with you. I think understanding the math that
yielded that monstrous equation is the first thing that's important.
How I can know the limitations of the program that's spitting out
answers based on numerical methods is beyond me but I'd be a fool to
not do a sanity check on the results and check to see for what
range(s) of inputs the equation is valid.
Just a program writer, Old Reg.
^^^^^^^^
Just and old (i.e., DOS) program writer, Old Reg.

Refresh my memory, did you reply to me regarding the equations used
to calculate mutual inductance in that solnoid3 program?

That's a good example of knowing a program's limitations and there
ain't no way of knowing without knowing the internals (or is it
infernals) ;)

Anyway, I never did find that Neumann double line integral, but one
day I *will* get Grover.
 
R

Reg Edwards

Refresh my memory, did you reply to me regarding the equations used
to calculate mutual inductance in that solnoid3 program?

That's a good example of knowing a program's limitations and there
ain't no way of knowing without knowing the internals (or is it
infernals) ;)

Anyway, I never did find that Neumann double line integral, but one
day I *will* get Grover.
=======================================
Mike,

I vaguely remember an argument about Solnoid3 which almost extended to
fisticuffs. It began because some nitpicker had got a different answer to
what he had expected with a 2-turn coil. All the usual warriors joined in.
You will forgive the exaggerations.

As everybody knows a coil has length, diameter and nunber of turns. The
program was novel and ambitious in that it covers from one turn, via a
stretched-out helix, to a straight length of wire. The problem arose because
of how I had defined length. It becomes complicated at 1, 2 and 3 turns when
one is obliged to take into account both wire diameter and spacing between
turns or winding pitch. Bear in mind that the program uses an explicit
function like inductance L = F( Number of turns, Wire diameter, Winding
pitch, Length of coil former) which contains one variable too many for
comfort. But we cannot remove pitch because it affects length just as much
as the number of turns and wire diameter.

To simplify matters the number of turns was restricted to integers. But one
cannot avoid the fact that coil length changes in steps whenever the number
of turns changes. So the question arises between which two points along the
coil should the length be defined or measured. The existence of winding
pitch gets in the way.

I forget the details, and I'm not taking the trouble to sort through the
source code, but I defined length as being directly related to N-1 turns
which fits in very nicely with one turn, and with the all important maths.
Of course, beyond a very few turns, within the degree of accuracy required,
it doesn't matter whether its N or N-1. But there are substantial errors
with only 1 or two turns. How can winding pitch (required for wire
insulation and cooling) be accounted for?

It think the program reduces the length of 1 turn to be the same as wire
diameter.

The arguments soon veered, of course, away from how accurate was the program
but on to how many turns there were on a given length. It all depends on how
one thinks about it or which side of the coil it is viewed from.

This is where we came in - an error being caused because the user did not
understand how the program works. I solved the problem by amending the
program operating notes. But half of the participants in the argument were
still convinced there was only one number of turns and that was N and to
hell with the maths.

I also recollect taking the trouble to see what Grover had done about it.
Obviously he must have met with the problem. But he deliberately ignores
it. Winding pitch disappears from length measurements when there are only a
few turns.

He preferred to attach less importance to it than the newsgroup did. He was
probably right.

Incidentally, I didn't use Grover to produce the program. I used Nagaoka
with some modifications for most of it.
 
A

Active8

=======================================
Mike,

I vaguely remember an argument about Solnoid3 which almost extended to
fisticuffs. It began because some nitpicker had got a different answer to
what he had expected with a 2-turn coil. All the usual warriors joined in.
You will forgive the exaggerations.

Actually, IIRC, it was two one turn coils spaced out and I wasn't
nitpicking. The guys arguing about N must have been the ones to get
heated. The answer didn't agree with another program which may have
been useless - can't remember. I was ultimately after finding the
mutual inductance and was comparing answers. I think Halliday and
Resnik covers M for a toroidal xfmr. Figuring it out for other
geometries is something I haven't been able to try and I figured
it's not the best way to do it when I read about that line integral
- it should work for all geometries - kind of a holy grail, IMO.
To simplify matters the number of turns was restricted to integers. But one
cannot avoid the fact that coil length changes in steps whenever the number
of turns changes. So the question arises between which two points along the
coil should the length be defined or measured. The existence of winding
pitch gets in the way.

ISTR that we decided to measure from the center of the wire.
I forget the details, and I'm not taking the trouble to sort through the
source code, but I defined length as being directly related to N-1 turns
which fits in very nicely with one turn, and with the all important maths.
Of course, beyond a very few turns, within the degree of accuracy required,
it doesn't matter whether its N or N-1. But there are substantial errors
with only 1 or two turns. How can winding pitch (required for wire
insulation and cooling) be accounted for?

It think the program reduces the length of 1 turn to be the same as wire
diameter.

Rings a bell.
The arguments soon veered, of course, away from how accurate was the program
but on to how many turns there were on a given length. It all depends on how
one thinks about it or which side of the coil it is viewed from.

This is where we came in - an error being caused because the user did not
understand how the program works. I solved the problem by amending the
program operating notes. But half of the participants in the argument were
still convinced there was only one number of turns and that was N and to
hell with the maths.

And there I was, still not finding anyone willing to part with the
source code, the formula for N, nor an explanation of the Neumann
double line integral. I remember offering some professor a GUI for
his program in exchange for the source code. Can't remember if it
was a coil related app or what. It was disconcerting to read on his
page that he'd like a GUI, yet no response to an offer. I guess some
stoodint will do it for him when he (stoodint) comes out from under
the desk.

Shit. Kevin offered me a free gold license for a simple ActiveX
control. That's a reasonable deal.<snip>
 
R

Rich Grise

Reg said:
=======================================
Mike,

I vaguely remember an argument about Solnoid3 which almost extended to
fisticuffs. It began because some nitpicker had got a different answer to
what he had expected with a 2-turn coil. All the usual warriors joined in.
You will forgive the exaggerations.

As everybody knows a coil has length, diameter and nunber of turns. The
program was novel and ambitious in that it covers from one turn, via a
stretched-out helix, to a straight length of wire. The problem arose
because of how I had defined length. It becomes complicated at 1, 2 and 3
turns when one is obliged to take into account both wire diameter and
spacing between turns or winding pitch. Bear in mind that the program uses
an explicit function like inductance L = F( Number of turns, Wire
diameter, Winding pitch, Length of coil former) which contains one
variable too many for comfort. But we cannot remove pitch because it
affects length just as much as the number of turns and wire diameter.

Of course you can. By definition, pitch = turns/length.

Pitch isn't "wire spacing." :)

Cheers!
Rich
 
J

john jardine

Anyway, I never did find that Neumann double line integral, but one
day I *will* get Grover.

I have Grover as 153 Gifs totalling 25Mb. I'm on dial up so it would seem a
problem getting it out. (also 10Mb of Nottage. ((nice graphical mutual
inductance method))
regards
john
 
K

Kevin Aylward

Reg said:
==================================

For "General", "Explicit " is perhaps more appropriate.

But equations of 5th degree or greater are easily solved to any
required degree of accuracy by computerised, number-crunching, or
Monte-Carlo methods. Or the methods of closer and closer
approximations which pure mathematicians may, in their weaker
moments, consider to be 'cheating'.

But my earlier remarks that a program user ought to know exactly what
a program is really doing still apply.

But this is simply not practical in the real world, nor is it required.
For example, how many of the 100,000s spice users know anything about
the "companion model" used in setting up the spice matrix?
Otherwise it is possible for
him, unknowingly till too late, to make a catastrophic error.

Of course, but one needs only to have an overall comprehension, not the
details.
To compute a 910K resistor when it ought to be 22 ohms may not
constitute a disaster. But to send a space rocket on a journey of 500
Km when it ought to be a trip to Mars will cost taxpayers the Earth.

Again, this doesn't need detailed, exact understanding.
It is vital the program user should know how the program works and
that at the very least he should be aware he's in the right ballpark.

He needs to now how the program works in general to maximise his use of
it, but becoming an expert in the details, as you really suggested, is
simply not on.
The moral is - don't place your faith in, or worship computer
programs.
Agreed.

?Especially maths programs. They all have their unstated
limitations. Sooner or later you will drop a colossal clanger.

Agreed.

Kevin Aylward
[email protected]
http://www.anasoft.co.uk
SuperSpice, a very affordable Mixed-Mode
Windows Simulator with Schematic Capture,
Waveform Display, FFT's and Filter Design.
 
K

Kevin Aylward

Active8 said:
On Sun, 22 Aug 2004 09:12:49 -0400, Active8 wrote:


Solly. Retraction:
Accepted.


The mathematician Evariste Galois (1811-1832) has proved that there
will never be a general formula to solve polynomials of degree 5 and
higher.

Not exactly. The cliam is, A closed formula in a finite number of steps.
So I guess you're still wrong on that point.

Not at all. As I said:

"There isn't even a finite closed form solution to algebraic equations
of degree greater than 4"

As I have noted on many occasions, I am usually quite precise in what I
claim. In this case, one can generate a general closed formula for n >
4, but it is an infinite series.

Kevin Aylward
[email protected]
http://www.anasoft.co.uk
SuperSpice, a very affordable Mixed-Mode
Windows Simulator with Schematic Capture,
Waveform Display, FFT's and Filter Design.
 
C

Chaos Master

It was written by Jonathan Kirwan[[email protected]] in message
No, it "eats" up the memory. I can sit and watch with a memory tool as the
memory simply "goes away." Close the program? Memory is still unreturned.

You have to configure the swap file and a few settings on system.ini.
I have a friend that has 192MB RAM and uses Windows 98 SE.
 
J

Jonathan Kirwan

You have to configure the swap file and a few settings on system.ini.
I have a friend that has 192MB RAM and uses Windows 98 SE.

If you look at the links to Microsoft I posted here, you'll see the absolute
limits to these regions vary from 64k to 2M, no matter what you do. I have
256Mb and 512Mb systems and it still runs out of these tiny special system
memory regions in short order. I don't believe tweaking system.ini has anything
to do with the problem. I've also spent long hours on the phone with their
technical support staff and they completely agree with me and also confirm that
they have many customers with the same problems they cannot help them solve.

Oh, well.

Maybe v12 will be better. Maybe not. I consider the last few versions to be
entirely unusable. And I frankly love the features and would use it a great
deal, if I could.

Jon
 
M

Martin Brown

Jonathan Kirwan said:
If you look at the links to Microsoft I posted here, you'll see the absolute
limits to these regions vary from 64k to 2M, no matter what you do. I have
256Mb and 512Mb systems and it still runs out of these tiny special system
memory regions in short order. I don't believe tweaking system.ini has
anything
to do with the problem. I've also spent long hours on the phone with their
technical support staff and they completely agree with me and also confirm that
they have many customers with the same problems they cannot help them solve.

It depends exactly what finite resources the 'Dozy operating system is
running out of. My copy of Win98SE has no trouble at all managing 192MB
of ram and would probably go slightly faster with 256MB if I could be
bothered.

The typical sorts of things that Windows trashes resources for are
multiple (redundant) loading of fonts when drawing graphs. You can force
an error reported as "not enough memory" in Excel for example by drawing
around 50 charts in one spreadsheet (no matter how much ram is free).

I suspect the problem here is similar. It is a bit careless to ship
software with gratuitous and large memory leaks. A better choice of OS
may help.

There are registry tweaks to fix some of these flaws....
Oh, well.

Maybe v12 will be better. Maybe not. I consider the last few versions to be
entirely unusable. And I frankly love the features and would use it a great
deal, if I could.

Anyone with the tools to say if v12 has serious memory leaks or not?

Regards,
 
R

Robert Baer

Chaos said:
It was written by Jonathan Kirwan[[email protected]] in message
No, it "eats" up the memory. I can sit and watch with a memory tool as the
memory simply "goes away." Close the program? Memory is still unreturned.

You have to configure the swap file and a few settings on system.ini.
I have a friend that has 192MB RAM and uses Windows 98 SE.

--
Chaos Master®, posting from Brazil. REPLY TO GROUP!
MSN: wizard_of_yendor[@]hotmail[.]com http://marreka.no-ip.com
"People told me I can't dress like a fairy. I say,
I'm in a rock band and I can do what the hell I want!" -- Amy Lee

One of the OSes i use, is Win98SE.
MS, in one of the KB areas, claims that Win98 can only use 512Kbytes;
another of the KB areas states that "all windows OSes have been able to
access 4Gbytes".
The fact is, that Win98SE can access up to 1Gbyte at all video
resolutions, and 2Gbytes if one is willing to put up with 640X480 16
color video.
 
R

Robert Baer

Kevin said:
But this is simply not practical in the real world, nor is it required.
For example, how many of the 100,000s spice users know anything about
the "companion model" used in setting up the spice matrix?


Of course, but one needs only to have an overall comprehension, not the
details.


Again, this doesn't need detailed, exact understanding.


He needs to now how the program works in general to maximise his use of
it, but becoming an expert in the details, as you really suggested, is
simply not on.


Agreed.

Kevin Aylward
[email protected]
http://www.anasoft.co.uk
SuperSpice, a very affordable Mixed-Mode
Windows Simulator with Schematic Capture,
Waveform Display, FFT's and Filter Design.

What ever happened to "slide rule accuracy" and the "order of
magnitude" caculations that came with use of the slide rule?
 
D

Dan Major

....
What ever happened to "slide rule accuracy" and the "order of
magnitude" caculations that came with use of the slide rule?

I've been reading some old Heinlein science fiction. He frequently writes
about astro-navigation using only a slide rule. navigation over millions
or billions of miles with only 4 significant digits! Even the logrithm and
trig tables I've got only have 4 places (not that I have a very good math
reference library). I wonder how many college students would know how to
work either a slide rule or work out complicated answers on paper? Seems
like forever ago when I learned Newton's aproximation methods and other
tricks.
 
K

Kevin Aylward

Dan said:
I've been reading some old Heinlein science fiction. He frequently
writes about astro-navigation using only a slide rule. navigation
over millions or billions of miles with only 4 significant digits!
Even the logrithm and trig tables I've got only have 4 places (not
that I have a very good math reference library). I wonder how many
college students would know how to work either a slide rule or work
out complicated answers on paper? Seems like forever ago when I
learned Newton's aproximation methods and other tricks.

And as I have a smattering of GR (e.g. see web site), I might mention, I
feel that many don't really appreciate just how F*&^ing incredible
Steven Hawking is in being able to do the calculations that he does in
his head. People usually just nod in agreement, without much idea
really, based on reputation. It used to take me the whole weekend doing
relatively trivial problems, like 10 pages of solid tensor
manipulations. The dude is truly amazing.

Kevin Aylward
[email protected]
http://www.anasoft.co.uk
SuperSpice, a very affordable Mixed-Mode
Windows Simulator with Schematic Capture,
Waveform Display, FFT's and Filter Design.
 
A

Active8

And as I have a smattering of GR (e.g. see web site), I might mention, I
feel that many don't really appreciate just how F*&^ing incredible
Steven Hawking is in being able to do the calculations that he does in
his head. People usually just nod in agreement, without much idea
really, based on reputation. It used to take me the whole weekend doing
relatively trivial problems, like 10 pages of solid tensor
manipulations. The dude is truly amazing.
Speaking of physics, and yeah, Hawking is some sh*t, what do you
think of that "Theory of Everything." Should I spand (waste?) any
time reading any of that?
 
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