July 12, 2018 by Robert Dale
When you are troubleshooting networking issues in Linux or are looking for ways to improve the security of your Linux.
When you are troubleshooting networking issues in Linux or are looking for ways to improve the security of your Linux machine, you will need to know if and which ports are open. In this article we will look at different ways to list or display open ports in Linux.
A port is a 16-bit number (0 to 65535) to help identify a given application or process on a Linux (Unix) operating system. Port differentiates one application from another on a Linux system.
Below are the different categories of ports:
0 – 1023 – Referred to as Well Known Ports
1024 – 49151 –Referred to as Registered Ports
49152 – 65535 – Referred to as Dynamic Ports
Using the following command, a list of applications and ports is displayed on your terminal:
// Your code here
TCP: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It is the most commonly-used protocol on the Internet. TCP is not just one-way communication, rather it sends packets back to acknowledge it’s received your packets.
UDP: Also known as User Datagram Protocol. It is an alternative communications protocol to TCP. The UDP protocol works similar to TCP. However, it ignores all error-checking stuff. UDP is necessary when speed is desirable and error correction is not needed.
SOCKETS: Socket allows communication from two different processes on the same or different machines.
Let’s look at different ways to list an open port in Linux.
In this method we will use the command netstat -atu to check for open ports in Linux.
We used the -a, -t and -u flags for netstat.
-a: shows all sockets
-t: shows TCP connections
-u: shows UDP connections
You can also add the -p flag to show related PID of the process or program name.
To display only UDP ports, you can use the following command:
netstat -vaun
Also, you can use the following command to search for TCP ports:
netstat -vatn
Instead of using netstat, we can use the lsof command to display open ports in Linux:
lsof -i
The following command can also help to display open sockets:
lsof -n -P | grep LISTEN
Also, you can use the command below to list all TCP connections:
lsof -i tcp
Moreover, you can use the following command for UDP connections:
lsof -i udp
In this method we will use nmap to detect the open port on your system. We can use the following command to show tcp port connections:
nmap -sT -O localhost
Finally, to show udp port connections, we can use the following command:
nmap -sU localhost
When it comes to the security of your Linux PC, the first thing to do is to close all unnecessary ports to prevent external access. With the methods listed above, you will be able to easily check for open ports on a Linux system and determine which ports should be closed or remain open.
Writing by MeowEssay
