The lightning is coming in the main connection, then to the sub-panel,
then to the circuit and out through the best ground it can find, which
is that long underground wire. What you have to do is create a shorter
and easier path to ground for the surge to go out by improving the
grounding.
That's going to be hard, because underground wire is an excellent
ground. Yet, I think it can be done. The good place to improve the
grounding is near the main disconnect panel. You probably have two
five-foot-long rods, six feet apart there already and that is fine to
meet the minimum code requirement, but not good enough for you and
according to the lightning experts, not good enough for most houses
these days when even the washing machine and dryer have a computer in them.
One way to improve grounding is to put in longer rods. Preferably long
enough to get into the water table. If you have a water well around
there, that can give you an idea of how deep the water table is. Longer
rods as well as rods with threads and bronze couplers are usually
available at real electrical stores, but not at the Big Box or hardware
stores.
You can also add more rods or better yet, you can create a separate
circuit for the sensitive device(s), then add a grounding rod for that
circuit, with a wire coming right from the circuit breaker to a long
grounding rod. That separate rod is then connected to the others using
#6 or #4 solid wire. I've done this before and it has worked fine.
After improving the grounding, the surge protectors will work as
designed. Or you can go a little better and put in a whole house surge
suppressor, which doesn't take the place of the small ones you are more
familiar with, but tries to bled most of the surge off at the main panel
before it gets inside. It's good for the A/C unit and other things that
aren't likely to blow, but are damaged slightly each time none-the-less.
For more info, see John's website at:
http://www.psihq.com &
http://www.psihq.com/InfoRead1.htm
John knows more about this than anyone else I know.