I worked with telephone systems in Canada in the '80ies. The ringing was 90VAC at 20Hz. The ringer mechanically resonated at the 20Hz and 50Hz or 60Hz probably will not make it work. Other countries used different voltages and frequencies, but since you did not fill in your location then we are guessing what your ringer needs.
We do not know its size so how do you know it was a telephone ringer and not a completely different V and freq fire alarm ringer?