Hello,
I have a question,
can I use R = V / I formula
to calculate resistor for 41 amps and 12 volts?
Please note that this problem can be looked at one of two ways:
If your device is meant to pull 40 Amps, then it will only pull 40 Amps. You don't need to limit this, just hook it up if the device is rated for 12V.
Otherwise, if you are building a switch mode power supply, current/voltage limiting should be done on that circuit.
Finally. If you are concerned with 'Anything' taking more than 40Amps. Use a fuse. It won't dynamically turn down the voltage to stop you from pulling more than 40A, but it will still stop you from pulling more than 40A for any more than a second xD