The speaker and its enclosure you are using as a sub-woofer cannot produce low frequencies because they are too small and the enclosure is not designed properly. Did you try the little speaker by itself to hear that does not produce low frequencies? A lowpass filter passes low frequencies that the little speaker cannot produce.
It looks like your stereo has two midrange tweeters. It has no woofer. A cheap woofer is a 4" 15W speaker in an enclosure designed for its detailed spec's or recommended by the speaker manufacturer. Then a sub-woofer could be a high quality 8" 25W woofer or a less expensive 10" or 12" 40W woofer in an enclosure designed for its detailed spec's or recommended by the manufacturer.