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Help needed for simple problem

G'day,
So after looking on the web and finding heaps of circuits that don't work, I am stuffed how to do something considered easy by most..
I need to create a voltage output that automatically swings from +1 volt DC to +3 volts DC and then goes back down to 1vdc to start the whole process again.
I need each sweep from peak to peak to take roughly 10 seconds.
The transition from 1vdc to 3vdc should basically be smooth like you would get if you used a dimmer knob to control the brightness of a lamp.
Input voltage to feed the circuit would be 6vdc.
I prefer not to have an IC do the task and would rather use discreets like transistors and electrolytic capcitors. If anyone can point me where to look or provide a circuit that works, I will be your friend for life.
Thanks heaps for your answers and feel free to flog me with a thousand wet tarrantulas.
:p
 
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you might be able to do it with transistors acting as switches. might have a circuit around the place leave it with me.
cheers for that,,,I have seen a few circuits on the web that have a transistor fill an electrolytic capacitor and another drain the capacitor...but the ones I have seen rely on a manual switch to reach each state.
If you have an idea on how to get the process run automatically, would be appreciated.
 
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Basically, you would want to duplicate the function of a 555 timer, with some enhancements.

You could use a constant current source to charge a capacitor and a schmitt trigger with a 3V threshold and 2V hysteresis. You didn't say how the discharge should go, it you want it to be (nearly) instant, just use a transistor switch to discharge the capacitor, othewise it would have to control another constant current source for discharge.

Bob
 
Basically, you would want to duplicate the function of a 555 timer, with some enhancements.

You could use a constant current source to charge a capacitor and a schmitt trigger with a 3V threshold and 2V hysteresis. You didn't say how the discharge should go, it you want it to be (nearly) instant, just use a transistor switch to discharge the capacitor, othewise it would have to control another constant current source for discharge.

Bob

I dont think that he wants a straight on/off, I may be wrong but it sounds like he wants a triangle or sine wave form, thats my take on it anyways

This you can do with some ADC's but you said you didnt want IC's so this is probably going to get a little complicated,

I am definitely interested in this thread and if I wasnt restricted on time (being at work and all) I would do a little research and try to help more

Green
 
I dont think that he wants a straight on/off, I may be wrong but it sounds like he wants a triangle or sine wave form, thats my take on it anyways

This you can do with some ADC's but you said you didnt want IC's so this is probably going to get a little complicated,

I am definitely interested in this thread and if I wasnt restricted on time (being at work and all) I would do a little research and try to help more

Green
He said that it rises like a ramp from 1V to 3V over time and then returns to 1V. I am only questioning what the return from 3V to 1V looks like. Is it a triangle or a sawtooth.

Bob
 
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one question that always follows is what kind of current driving capability would this produced voltage source have? If this waveform is produced across a cap by a constant current source, then some fort of buffer/amplifier will be needed. this means an IC such as a 555 as suggested in another reply. So in other words, how is this voltage used once generated?
 

KrisBlueNZ

Sadly passed away in 2015
FWIW I designed a little sawtooth oscillator for this job, mostly as a way to test the simulation features of circuitlab.com (which are very very slow). It seems to work per the simulation but I haven't built it up myself to check.

The ramp is not truly linear because C2 is charged through a resistance (R6) not a current source. R6 could be replaced by a current source to achieve a linear ramp, if this is important, but I suspect a curved ramp will be acceptable for this application.

C1 should be very roughly 1/1000th of C2.

R6 and C2 determine the ramp time.

Q4 is emitter follower with high current gain. The output terminal follows the voltage on C2 with a positive voltage offset of about 1.3V, so the bottom of the ramp will be around 1.3V. A voltage divider can be used to reduce this to exactly 1V if necessary. The circuit as shown with R7 at 1K has a fairly low output impedance and can drive a voltage divider with a total resistance as low as 5K (assuming the top of the ramp voltage doesn't need to go over 5V).

Initially C2 is discharged so the output will be around 1.3V. Assume R7 is fully clockwise; the wiper voltage provides enough bias (via R5) to turn on Q1, which turns on Q2, removing the bias from Q3 and allowing C2 to charge via R6.

In this state, Q1 base-emitter voltage is about 0.7V and Q2 collector is close to 0V. As C2 charges, the voltage at OUT rises, and the R7 wiper voltage rises, until there is no longer sufficient bias to keep Q1 turned on. When Q1 turns off enough that Q2 starts to lose base bias, Q2 turns off as well, and its collector voltage starts to increase towards 0.7V (limited by the base-emitter voltage of Q3, whose emitter is grounded). C1 couples this increasing voltage onto Q1 base and this accelerates the change to the OFF state (Q1 and Q2 both OFF).

This action also turns on Q3 which discharges C2 rapidly. As the voltage on C2 drops, the voltage at OUT drops quickly as well, and the voltage across R7 increases rapidly to the point where it would be enough to forward-bias Q1, but because of the extra 0.7V rise coupled into Q1 base by C1, Q1 remains OFF, and so does Q2. This delay (caused by the time constant of C1 and R5) ensures that Q3 remains ON long enough to completely discharge C2.

After a time determined by R5 and C1, the increased voltage across R7 (lowered voltage on R7 wiper) causes Q1 base to fall to a voltage where Q1 begins to conduct. When Q2 has sufficient bias, it will conduct also, which couples a negative-going transient through C1 which reinforces the switch into the ON state for Q1 and Q2. Q3 is now OFF, and C2 again charges up through R6 and the process repeats.

R3 ensures that when Q2 collector falls rapidly towards 0V there is no high-current pulse through Q2 collector, C1, and the Q1 base-emitter junction.

This circuit will be somewhat sensitive to power supply voltage variations and should be powered from a regulated supply. If the supply voltage is changed much from 6V, changes in the R7 area may be needed. Immunity to supply voltage variations could be improved by returning C2 to the positive supply but then a current limiting resistor in the Q3 collector path would be needed. To minimise the component count I have left it with C2 returned to the 0V rail.

If R7 is set too close to the counter-clockwise end, the circuit will not oscillate and the output will sit at the minimum voltage. R6 must not be set very close to its minimum resistance because this could cause excessive current through Q3 which could damage it. If this is an issue, add a 10K "stopper" resistor in series with R6.

The ramp will always start at about 1.3V but the top end voltage is set via R7. Adjust R7 for the desired output voltage swing before adjusting R6 for the desired ramp period. You may want to reduced C2 if you find R6 is close to its minimum resistance end.
 

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