Hello,
While working on my circuit, I found that I have some basic questions about
simple capacitors:
1)
Is there any minimum operating voltage for Tantalum and Electrolytic
capacitors?
Firstly, a little terminology: Tantalums are electrolytics too,
just made with something more expensive (or it's a more expensive
process), what are commonly called electrolytics are technically
"aluminum electronlyics."
So tantalum is short for tantalum electrolytic, and electrolytic is
short for aluminum electronlytic. This shorthand also gets by having
to used the alternative international spelling/pronunciation of
aluminum/aluminium.
I'm don't know about tantalums, but I've heard suggestions that
electrolytics be operated at at least half their max rated operating
voltage, else they're more likely to lose capacitance over the long
term (several years). It's also suggested that anything that has
electrolytics in it be powered up for at least a few minutes about
every six months or so, so the electolytics get voltage and don't
deform.
Have you looked at capacitor manufacturers' websites? Surely they
would have something on this.
I think that the formation of an electrolytic layer in such a capacitor
could perhaps require some minimum operating voltage.
I'm sure it's related - the initial forming of the layer in
manufacturing is done by applying a voltage.
2)
Until which frequencies does an electrolytic capacitor work well? When
should I consider tantalum capacitors?
You have to get info on the ESR and inductance of whatever
particular value of capacitor (and for the manufacturer and type) you
use, to decide if it's acceptable at the frequency you use. Many of
the better "suitable for switching power supply use" electrolytics
work fine into the hundreds of kHz. The Digikey catalog has some short
blurbs about each type of capacitor and what applications it might be
best for, but again, the maker's websites ought to have the best info.