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Difference between variable transformer and adjustable electric voltage regulator

The first is a Variable Auto Transformer where you change voltage by moving a sliding contact over the pickup windings. Consider it a transformer with a very large number of tappings to select.

The second is an Electronic device that controls the "average" voltage by using part of the sine wave. If you permit only a part of the sine wave to be used, the "equivalant" voltage will change depending on how much of the sine wave is "used"

All electrical / electronic equipment can be handled by the former, only some by the latter.
 
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