It may, at least for programs whose audio is being provided in
(or can be downsampled to) "linear PCM" format. This board uses a
Burr-Brown PCM1728 stereo-audio converter chip, which will handle data
sampling rates up to 96 kilosamples/second. I can't tell from the
eBay description, whether this board is designed for just one sampling
rate (e.g. CD) or whether it's capable of locking onto a bunch of
different sampling rates.
This board will almost certainly *not* handle Dolby Digital, or other
multi-channel digital surround-sound formats. If your HDTV tries to
send this format of data, one of two things will probably happen: the
converter will go mute, or it'll start making horrible noises. You
should set your TV's audio mode settings to "linear PCM" only.
Probably not a good idea. ATX supplies are intended for much higher
current levels than this board is likely to need, and tend to require
a fairly substantial minimum load on the 5-volt line. Without such a
load, they either won't produce 12 volts at all, or will produce too
high a voltage (poor regulation). They may also be noisier
(electrically) than you would want in an audio application.
The board probably doesn't draw more than an ampere at +12 - buy
yourself a 12-volt linear (transformer/rectifier/filter caps) "wall
wart" supply.