Kingcosmos wrote:
(snip)
What throws me is the INA106 and the INA143. Both difference
amplifiers have the same set of resistors. The input resistors on
both devices are 10k and the feedback resistors are 100k. Yet the
INA143 has a differential input impedance of 20k, and common-mode
input impedance of 55k, and the INA106 has a differential input
impedance of 10k and differential input impedance of 110k.
What is the difference (no pun intended) and how are these values
calculated/defined? Thanks in advance.
These specs make no sense to me. Assuming ideal opamps, to
simplify the math, the basic assumption is that the inputs
to the opamp have infinite impedance and the voltages of the
two inputs match perfectly.
So the non inverting input just has a pair of resistors in
series to the reference voltage (let's say that is 0 V). So
the impedance of that input must be 10 k plus 100k = 110 k.
This impedance is independent of whether the applied
signal is in common to both inputs or part of a differential
voltage.
The impedance of the inverting input is 10 k to a voltage
source that has a value of 100 k / (10 k + 110 k) = 90.9% of
the voltage applied to the inverting input (since the
feedback forces the - input of the opamp to match the
voltage applied to the + input of the opamp.
So the problem is, how do you replace these two actual
equivalent circuits with a common mode and differential
impedance.
If you tie the two inputs together, they look like 110k in
parallel with 10 k / (1 - 100/110) = 110k. So the common
mode impedance is 110 k /2 = 55 k. Perhaps the INA106 sheet
shows the common mode impedance of each input, individually,
while the INA143 sheet shows their parallel combination.
Differentially, things are messier, since the individual
impedances do not match.
If we apply a voltage to the non inverting input and the
inverse of that voltage to the inverting input, this would
be a purely differential signal with an amplitude of the
difference of the two voltages, but the two currents are
very different. So how do you define a single differential
impedance that involves two different currents, each driven
by half of the voltage? One manufacturer might spec one
half and one might spec the other.
One way to define the differential impedance would be to
apply a completely floating voltage source between the two
inputs. With the uneven differential impedances, that
voltage will be converted to some combination of common mode
voltage and differential voltage. The common mode voltage
should see the 55 k common mode impedance calculated, above,
and the differential component would be loaded with the
effective differential impedance.
So lets say we apply a 1 volt floating source to the two
inputs, with the positive side on the non inverting input.
By virtue of the float, the current into one input must also
be the current from the other. I'll call the voltage
applied to the non inverting input V+ and the current into
that input I+ and the voltage applied to the inverting input
V- and the current into I-.
I+ = - I- and V+ - V- = 1
But I+ = V+ / 110k
so I- = - (V+ / 110k)
(the same current in the other direction)
but from the equivalent circuit of the inverting input,
I- = (V- - (V+ * 100/110))/10k
so we can combine these two equations to find out how the
floating input voltage divides between V+ and V-.
V+ / 110k = ((V+ * 100/110) - V-) / 10k
so V+ = V- * 11/9
or equivalently, V- = V+ * 9/11
Note that both V+ and V- have the same sign, rather than
splitting across zero.
But their difference must be 1 volt, so
1 = V+ - (V+ * 9/11)
So V+ = 11/2 and V- = 9/2
Checking, the differential voltage is 1 volt or 2/2.
The common mode voltage is 10/2.
So each input should produce a common mode current of
(10/2)/110k and a differential current of 1/Rdif.
so I+ = (10/2)/110k + 1/Rdif
but also, I+ = V+ / 110k
therefore, (11/2)/110k = (10/2)/110k + 1/Rdif
So Rdif = 220k
Which matches neither data sheet, so I am satisfied. ;-)
A more useful way to define the input impedances might be to
hold one input at zero and apply voltage to the other, and
define the input impedance under those conditions.
As always, the non inverting input impedance is 110k.
The inverting impedance under this condition is 10k.
