Hi---
As an example, they are using noise cancelling mikes on the evening news.
Easy to spot, as they are two mikes about an inch and a half apart.
I helped design noise cancelling mikes. They work on the principle of sound
level pressure decreasing at the inverse square of the distance fom the
(source). Source distance is very, very important.
So, near a person's mouth, maybe 4 inches away, the (mouth) sound pressure
(differential) between two (evening news) mikes at 4 inches and 5.5 inches,
and pressure droppring at inverse square from the (source) is a somewhat
decent signal. This is what you hear.
On the news set, an errant noise on the set, say 10 feet away, acts
accordingly. The difference to the two mikes are 120 inches and 121.5
inches, pressure dropping at inverse square from the (source). This cancels
out, as the inputs are wired to oppose each other, and the sound pressure
level of the two signals are almost identical, and electronically cancel
out.
( a couple of hrs later-- a family problem has come up, this was sitting on
my computer, will post if anyone has questions---gotta go!)
Best--
Ron